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Evolving Piston Technology, Engine Safety, and Tesla's Expanding Network
Evolving Piston Technology, Engine Safety, and Tesla's Expanding Network
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About this episode
Exploring the evolution of piston technology, this episode delves into the various types of pistons used in engines, from flat tops to hemispherical designs. The discussion highlights how advancements in piston materials and shapes have improved engine efficiency and performance, particularly in direct injection systems. The hosts also touch on the implications of these changes for engine safety and emissions. Additionally, a segment on Tesla's expanding supercharger network and its collaboration with Ford adds a contemporary twist to the conversation.
Topics:
piston technology
engine safety
direct injection systems
compression ratios
Tesla supercharger network
automotive news
piston designs
fuel efficiency
engine emissions
On this episode of In Wheel Time Car Talk, we look at piston technology and how it has evolved over the years, from compression ratios in the 50s and 60s to modern ratios as high as 18 to one. We look at the flat top piston, the hemi piston, the wedge engine, and the notched piston. We learn about the innovative gasoline direct injected engines that use a powerball of air and fuel to push the piston down.
We also look into the incredible advancements in engine and vehicle safety, such as Honda's radical racing motorcycle engine with an oval-shaped piston that was later outlawed in competition. In our look at how compression ratios have changed over the years, we look at the development of air pumps, catalytic converters, and oxygen sensors that were developed to reduce emissions.
We also talk briefly about the Tesla agreement with Ford to provide access to the Tesla Supercharger network, which should encourage more EV development and acceptance by consumers.
All of this and more on this episode of In Wheel Time Car Talk! Be sure to subscribe on your favorite podcast provider or simply go to InWheelCarTalk.com.
Be sure to subscribe for more In Wheel Time Car Talk!
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Welcome to another in wheel time podcast, a 30-minute mini version of the in wheel time car show that airs live every Saturday morning 8 to 11 am, central Live.
it's the in wheel time car talk show on our Saturday morning live edition 8 to 11.
This is the last half hour.
Welcome to it, ladies and gentlemen coming up, conrad's gonna have a special edition the in wheel time car clinic get you Edgimicated on what's going on and the internals of engines you would.
You would ask about piston rings.
I did that last week, so this week we're gonna talk pistons.
Good, i like that.
We'll also give you a couple of auto news stories in this half hour.
We think you'll enjoy it.
We invite you to stay tuned.
Howdy, along with Mike out of this world, mars King, conrad DeLong.
We always need more.
Jeff Seekin, i'm Don Armstrong.
Thanks for joining us.
It's gonna be a beautiful weekend, holiday stuff, jeff's birthday spanking.
Spanking, so you can get that on the subscription side.
Behind the scenes make sure to say $10,000 to my secret account and wherever so every week we have Conrad do a thing called the in wheel time car clinic.
Gives you a little bit more detailed information about certain things about cars from the rear end.
Speaking of rear ends, Hey, hey hey, all the way up to the front bumper.
And so I, conrad and I were talking a couple of weeks ago And I said why don't we get more specific about certain engine things?
and I brought up piston rings and I thought that piston ring thing was Very interesting.
I ran across the story about the new evolution of piston rings and Material makeup of them, the size of them, the, the tension stuff, all of the stuff about what they do And what they do.
And it's not just one ring.
But this week we're going to talk about pistons and there are all sorts of different types of pistons Depending on the usage right, you know, if you kind of go back um into the 50s and 60s, compression ratios were, you know, eight, nine to one In the later 60s might have got up to 10 or 11 to one, um, and then, uh, you know, and then we've moved on up into the new cars where you might see as high as 18 to one compression.
Well, one of the first pistons that were out there used was what there was called the flat top piston.
There's, there's nothing on top of this piston is basically flat and in some instances There may be some valve reliefs in the piston and that's just to give a little bit of clearance for The valves as they open and close and they'll cut these little notches in the valve in the top of the piston for that Valve relief.
This is very common looking piston out there In the industry was a very common looking piston in the industry.
And uh, and then you, you know what year, what year was that?
what year?
probably 60s, mid, mid 60s, yeah, and then you know, and then the hemi and the hemi, the hemispherical combustion chamber changed at all You know we've got valves that are on both sides of massive ones, massive, huge valves, and in this case I imagine this is probably a top fuel because there's you know it's so highly domed Um and that it's really a high compression and pretty big reliefs cut in the piston.
When I see in that country the valves, multiple slots for multiple rings For compression for three compression rings and one oil ring on it.
So that's the hemi.
The next one would be the wedge engine.
So you always heard the wedge engine, uh, as the mo, par 440s, maybe even the chevrolet big blocks.
So there would be basically a wedge on top of the piston with valve reliefs cut into it again that that Lift off of the base of the piston is all about increasing the compression ratio, filling up the combustion chamber with metal To raise the compression ratio on the engine.
So you're filling up the volume with something with metal, yeah right, and then and then again, the uh, um, the the notched, or the uh the notched piston was probably the most popular over time.
Well, now they've moved to um gasoline direct injected engines.
And the gasoline direct injected engine, the piston has a different function, where what they want is the fuel injector sprays into that, what I'll call the bathtub, right there in the center of that, in the center of that piston, and what it's trying to do when the injection sprays into there, it's trying to bounce it all back up into.
Now.
I'm a star Uh trek fan, not a star wars fan.
So in star trek, you know, they shoot the photon torpedo.
Little ball of energy.
So in this, in the gdi engine, they're trying to create a little ball of air fuel mixture right there at the spark, right there at the tip of the spark plug, which is a wonderful way to do it.
The the issue with it is it means all of that outside area gets very hot because it runs very, very lean And in that.
So if you looked at how the injector sprays on top of the piston on a gdi engine, you'll see that the injector sprays into the middle of the piston and it brings that whole air fuel ratio Powerball right to the tip of the spark plug.
So when the spark plug ignites It's got the proper air fuel ratio, basically to create an explosion that pushes the piston down.
So the, the, the pistons coming up with the reservoir of fuel is what it's doing into that injector.
Well, now it's coming up with a reservoir of air, okay, and then the injector sprays at a very high pressure and really highly atomized right there at the top of the stroke.
Yeah, right there at the top of the stroke and that that puts the.
Now this is a port fuel injection system.
So you can see there the injector is behind the valve so it sprays in on top of the valve And then it kind of fills the combustion chamber.
That was a big thing in the 80s, right?
Yeah, port fuel was primarily introduced in the early 80s and then there was the direct injected engine and my fault.
The yellow injector would drop down underneath the valve and the direct injected engine Would spray directly into the combustion chambers.
That's why the compression ratio Being so high and the fuel pressure is being so high, to bring that all in, and and the technology is now that that What I call the bathtub is all designed to reflect the fuel spray all up to the tip of the spark plug, so they could use less fuel Still, get the correct amount of air fuel mixture at the tip of the spark plug To push the piston down, and that's where the fuel economy benefits come from the same burn power with less fuel with
less fuel.
But the the you know, for every action there's an opposite and opposite reaction.
The opposite reaction is the area outside of where that fuel is is very lean, and when combustion temp, combustion goes lean, it goes hot.
So you got to remember all around that outside of that piston is where the ringlands are.
So that's where the problem comes, with carbon deposits in the ringlands and ring sticking and and Blow by.
And you know, with blow by you get gasoline in your oil, which makes your oil more vaporous.
So it it evaporates faster as well as gets sucked up through the PCV system.
So why not make the pistons smaller so you don't have to deal with that heat on the outside, because you still have the same burn and you still, but you lose power.
Right, you don't have enough surface, right well, and one of the other big things they did in the technology of pistons is they have changed the length of the skirt On a piston.
So the skirt on a piston is what kept the piston from rocking back and forth.
So in In one of those pictures and I forgot to get to it It showed that they've actually put a Polymer pad on the side of the piston to kind of fill in that space, because a piston skirt, when the piston gets hot, grows and and gets larger so that the piston fits the cylinder better.
Well, there's a.
You know, a lot of engines have what's called a piston slap when they're cold.
So this, this polymer pad, is designed to deal with that piston slap, so that there's no wobble.
There's no wobble, you know, and it's kind of like Don and Jeff.
They have short skirts as well.
I have to tell you that my dad worked for a company called walk a Shaw Motor Company, and They developed industrial engines all sorts of sizes, from a little small four cylinder that actually was developed to start Great, big, huge, 12 and 16 cylinder engines that wouldn't even fit in this room They're so big and he worked in the laboratory and in the laboratory.
They did all of the testing and found out you know, the best way to fuel of them.
Many of them were Gasoline driven, most of them were diesels, some of them were gas natural gas driven engines.
And He was in this laboratory where they actually blew up engines and then they looked at the damage and what caused it to blow up.
Was it the RPM?
what couldn't handle the RPM?
The most efficient way to get injection into Right all of that and all of those were pretty much injected engines back in the day And I think that they still are, that that company has changed hands and dresser bought them and moved the factory up I think up to Canada, but at any rate he worked in the laboratory and that's what they did.
And I'm sure your dad would would enjoy that piece, because I'm sure he saw most of this evolve in his hands as The design of engines changed over time.
So pistons around.
We get that not all.
I was gonna say They aren't there, some that are oval Yeah.
Honda.
Honda made a racing motorcycle with an oval shaped right.
It was a v4 engine and a kidney bean shape It ended up being outlawed because it was just too.
Radical yeah to advance for everything.
Why would you do that?
save space.
Well, to save space.
But also you know you talked about the surface area, right Is what creates the power.
So it gave them an opportunity to make more surface area on the piston in a smaller Gotcha combustion area compartment, right, yeah, because it's all about size Of the engine as well as size of what you're doing inside the engine.
So let me ask you this so back, you know, 69, 70, 71, you know we were trying to, we were putting flat tops in, we were trying to get compression ratios up 11, 12 to 1 or something like that.
But then when the smog world came in, everything dropped to like eight right and a half or some so And now it's kind of cycle where it's coming back up.
What, yeah?
Why?
why did that?
why did they do?
that if?
it's more efficient at the higher compression ratios.
Well, it's more efficient because the fuel delivery systems are more efficient today.
Back then, when you were doing that, you were doing a Holley or a Quadrajet, maybe even a Carter if you were high tech.
We had Holley's as far as we got.
Whatever they could get out of the junkyard.
A carburetor spray is not an efficient fuel delivery system.
It may work correctly, but they're not an efficient fuel delivery system.
They had to lower the compression ratio to make sure more of it burned efficiently so the catalytic converter could clean it up.
Today they can get a good, clean burn because they're spraying much less fuel in to create remember what I said a little photon torpedo right there at the tip of the spark plug That burns more efficiently, so they can raise the compression ratio and not have to worry about unburned fuel passing through the exhaust, which is the exhaust emissions that the federal government's concerned.
I knew it had something to do with the smog I mean, that's what everybody said, oh, it's a smog, Take the smog stuff off but didn't really understand the reasoning.
They don't even use that technology and air pumps and stuff like that.
That's what I was just about to say.
You got to remember, back in those days you had an air pump.
You actually had a belt driven pump on the front of the engine that pumped oxygenated air into the exhaust manifold, trying to burn off that unburned fuel Or dilute it.
No, actually trying to burn it.
I'll try to light it up and burn it off in the exhaust stream as it was headed for the catalytic converter.
Even before catalytic converters, that air pump was part of it.
Air injection reaction is what air stood for, because they were just literally trying to keep the burn happening to kind of clean up, If you stop and think about all of that, how far we've come in such a really a short period of time.
Right, You know, some of my favorite car shows are The Restores show And also believe it or not, don't laugh at me Wheeler dealers, because they deal with some of that stuff And they buy cars that just recently bought an old I don't remember what it was.
It was a triumph or something That's by some of the weirdest cars They did.
And that the engine was built for a leaded fuel And they would put additives in it without having to do anything to the engine.
Well, one of the two of them actually, engines, little four cylinder engines that really had no horsepower at what per se They wound up with having to convert them, and convert them really wasn't that big of a deal.
You take the head off and you strengthen the, the valve seats, and that's really all that they needed to do.
But it was a valve job on a car So it was expensive to do because you had to send it to a machine shop to do it And you said that burning the fuel in the manifold or in the exhaust system before it got to the catalytic converter.
You said technologies way in advance to the today, from the air pump We still have a catalytic converter.
Oh yeah, we still have a catalytic converter.
The technology on that piece of equipment has increased, but you still have that.
And if you think about it, on the catalytic converter you have two oxygen sensors.
You have one before the converter which is an oxygen sensor.
Believe me, if they're replacing your oxygen sensor, they may not know what they're doing.
In oxygen sensor.
All it does is tell the computer how much oxygen's in the exhaust stream, and the purpose of that is efficiently burn fuel.
There should be very little oxygen in the exhaust stream.
Inefficiently burn fuel.
There's going to be a lot of oxygen left in the exhaust stream.
The O2 sensor tells the computer hey, there's a lot of oxygen and it's going to adjust the fuel mixture.
Or hey, there's very little oxygen and it's going to adjust the fuel mixture.
So if you get an O2 sensor code, first off it means the oxygen sensor is working.
When the guy at Advanced Auto Parts starts telling you an O2 sensor because you set a PO1702 code, they're wrong.
The O2 sensor is working.
That's why it's set the code.
There's something else wrong with the system.
The fuel delivery system tends to be a vacuum leak or tends to be an injector that's dripping.
Pick one.
That's generally where the issue is.
I hate it when my injector drips, i know it.
I have a pill for that, a little blue one.
No, not a blue one, it's a little white one actually.
But at any rate, how about let's talk about crank shafts and let's talk about flat plane?
Okay?
I'll do that for next week.
And let's talk about this new engine that Chevrolet's got in the Corvette the Z06 engine.
They call it a cross plane And I think the reason they call it a cross plane is because I think flat plane is trademarked already by Ford on the Mustang with their flat plane.
Well, I'll tell you what it sounds like a sewing machine going by, Oh yeah, You know what?
12,000 RPM or something.
It's crazy And I want to know about that Definitely.
So let's do that Okay.
I know that you need to incorporate camshafts with that No no, the flat plane crank.
Yeah, standard, crank the flat plane and this cross.
Yeah, and really, if you say flat plane.
It just means you know you ever had a crank shaft out.
Wait, wait, wait, say it next week.
Yeah, next week It's all about the look of the crankshaft, and is it?
Corvette Pace car this year, and Indy, and isn't it a hybrid or I can't remember.
I think it's the new Z06.
No, it's the Z06.
It's the Z06.
Okay.
Anyway, thank you very much for that.
Very cool Yeah.
Yeah, very cool.
So next week we'll do crankshafts I think that would be a good idea.
Yeah, more than 1.8
million Chrysler, dodge, jeep and Ram vehicles now alert drivers in the US and Canada of nearby fire trucks, ambulances and road hazards through their UConnect infotainment system.
The idea of the feature came from a hearing impaired Stalantus employee who nearly collided with an emergency vehicle.
She couldn't hear.
The employee in 2021 suggested driver notifications to help avoid such calamities and Stalantus deployed the emergency vehicle alert system from Haas alert that it began rolling out last year and, over the year, updated out of the system to vehicles starting with the 2018 model year.
Notifications came from Haas alert safety cloud platform, a vehicle to everything and digital alerting solution used by thousands of public and private roadway fleets in North America.
The warnings are triggered when an emergency vehicle has its lights or siren on.
Drivers zipping down the highway won't be alerted to a police vehicle simply parked on the side of the road.
Stalantus is looking to expand the alerts by adding disabled vehicles to the list of hazards.
Drivers can be notified of the hazard enhanced location protocol feature called help comes from emergency safety solutions incorporated and uses the Haas alert safety cloud.
That story from automotive news and if you want any of these more details on these stories, go to automotive newscom.
Thank, you, which kind of goes to our earlier interview today, summit With summit, about how the interconnectivity of the vehicle and the data that can pass from the vehicle to the manufacturing OEMs can also pass from emergencies to the vehicle.
Well, and also the vehicle that they couldn't hear, assuming it's electric.
and who covers that insurance?
Jeff's got a great story.
Oh some statistics that I think that all of us have you ever you have you ever hooked up in an honorable?
be hooked up in a car.
Shut up, mars.
You know, you know exactly.
The first person that has a smile on his face is Mars.
I know Well the number one vehicle that is a sedan 65.9%
of people who hooked up in sedan, 40% of 40.6%
of people who hooked up in SUV, 30% in a coupe, 24% in a pickup truck and 5% in a crossover.
Now, what about sport cars?
I don't hear Volkswagen in there anywhere.
Satisfaction by vehicle type is SUV number one.
That's where you're most satisfied hooking up.
That's what the back seat says.
They didn't get any detail, conrad, but the percentage of Americans who hooked up in a vehicle, number one is Ford 34.6%
is a Ford, chevrolet's 31.5%
.
To hook up in Mike, honda, toyota, dodge, nissan, all the way down toa what Mercedes Benz at 4.2%
of people in its lab.
I am Spitfire GT6.
If you're in a Mercedes, do it before tiny, tiny little car before, as recalled.
Then you get the Mercedes.
Where do Americans park to hook up, mike?
Where do they do that?
in Beaumont, well, parking lot is 56.1%
, in a remote location 55% and a driveway 43.
On the side of the road, conrad 35.1
.
At a golf course scenic overlook.
Hello sir, what are you doing in there?
Get out of there and a parking to keep the rhythm right down.
Parking garage is 15.6%
.
Okay, the best spots outside of a vehicle?
Check this out at the campsite on the trunk standing outside, standing outside the vehicle while using the vehicle as support.
Yep, the trunk on top of the car or on top of the hood?
Well, the hood, it kind of caves in.
I would think the top would too.
Yeah, but I'm thinking the trunk dent in it.
Hold on.
I think I got more statistic.
Shut up, don't look at me that way, Hey Leslie.
Oh no, All right.
Why he keeps the cover on the car man.
I don't know.
Why don't you look at it?
How dirty it is right now.
I didn't look underneath the cover There are some different kinds of prints on that.
The best spots inside of a vehicle which includes the coupe crossover sedan.
The back seat is 4.3%
.
The trunk or hatch is 2.3
.
On a pickup truck back seat or the truck bed, passenger vehicle passenger seat or the driver's seat, and then same thing on the back seat.
There's nothing mentioned about the center console.
there, no, there's positions, but we're not going to get into that right now.
There's their positions The reverse cowgirl, you can't do that You can't.
Is it on there?
It's on there.
Yeah, he spotted it.
Oh wow We find it, you can have it.
No, i'm not going to.
Yes, you are, you have to.
It's funny.
It's this top graph.
There's a graph.
Well, it has different took.
But, no pictures.
Let me think now.
Don wants the pictures.
Okay, i got it.
Oh, you're sitting.
Cowgirl, reverse cowgirl, missionary.
Oh my God, there's even spooning on here, Spooning Mm-hmm, not forky.
Well, i know, i noticed that you, that you actually skipped over.
I did skip over several.
You skipped over that.
Oh Oh, and they give explicit diagrams in that.
Where did you get this?
What playboy side is this off of I?
know, a guy.
You know a guy, i know a guy.
Well, that's a pretty Todd's going to use it as an instruction man.
Hey, leslie, he's keeping a copy.
You know we're going to send this to HCC Community College and the Electric Vehicle Autonomy.
Program There you go, send that over there.
Shocking, shocking.
Okay It's my contribution.
That was a good one.
German authorities have serious indications of possible data protection violations by Tesla.
Handles Blatt newspaper reported, citing the data protection office in the state where the car maker has its European Gigafactory Files, has failed to adequately protect data from customers, employees and business partners, citing 100 gigabytes of confidential data leaked to the newspaper by a whistleblower.
Files include tables containing more than 100,000 names of former and current employees, including the Social Security number of Tesla CEO, elon Musk, along with private email addresses, phone numbers, salaries of employees, bank details of customers and secret details from production.
Filing the leaked files, the newspaper reported about thousands of customer complaints regarding the car maker's driver assistance systems, with around 4,000 complaints on unintended acceleration or phantom braking.
Last month, reuters report showed the groups of Tesla employees privately shared, via an internal messaging system, sometimes highly invasive videos and images recorded by customers car in-car cameras between 2019 and 2022.
I think that goes along with your story.
You have to think of the same thing.
Data protection office in the German state of Brandenburg, which is home to Tesla's European factory, described the data leak as massive.
Videos of Holga.
Holga, holga.
Holga, holga.
Yes, i worked with a girl by the name of Holga, and radio station.
No at a television station.
She's still around.
She is.
She's still on TV Up for her.
Down in Florida, somewhere, i think.
Wonderful.
At any rate, we're going to take a break now.
Okay, i hope.
That was an exciting segment.
I'll see you.
I'll try to do better next week.
30 seconds.
Tesla's surprise agreement with rival Ford to provide access to the Tesla supercharger network opens the door for other automakers to follow suit.
About 17,000 charging connectors Tesla has the largest and most reliable fast charge network in the US.
Ford customers will gain access to roughly 1200 next year as part of the first such agreement between Tesla and another automaker.
The deal with Tesla, with additional customers and revenue for its coast to coast infrastructure of direct current chargers, which makes road trips and long commutes possible, more than doubles the number of fast charger plugs available to Ford customers from all charging partners.
We'll be back after this.
Everyone at the Tailpipes and Tacos cruise in at the Loopy Tortilla Tex-Mex and Katie.
Thank you for participating in the best cruise in around and look forward to seeing you again.
You'll hear about the next cruise in date right here on Inwheel Time.
Next time you're in the West Houston energy corridor area, be sure and stop in at the original Loopy Tortilla Tex-Mex at I-10 and Highway 6 or the Katie location on the Grand Parkway at Kingsland Boulevard When passing through Beaumont or College Station.
Stop in and have Loopy's award-winning beef fajitas and frozen margaritas.
There's always a celebration at Loopy Tortilla.
Loopy Tortilla founders Stan Hold and his wife Sheila are winning racers on the NHRA drag racing circuit and have a collection of hot rods and classics that everyone appreciates.
Look for them at the next Tailpipes and Tacos cruise in.
The date will be announced soon and will once again be held at the Loopy Tortilla Tex-Mex on 99 in Kingsland Boulevard, just south of I-10 and Katie, we'll give you all the details right here on the Inwheel Time car talk show and online Donations benefit God's Garage.
We'll see you then.
You own a car you love.
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Well, that's a wrap for this week's In Wheel Time car talk show.
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I'm Don Armstrong.
Next week we're live again, saturday, may 27th 2023, and all of these In Wheel Time car talk outlets right here on the Smoke and Mears Network, 8 to 11 am Central Time.
Have a great weekend, be safe, enjoy this holiday weekend with your family and so long for now.
And happy birthday to.
We Need More Jeff, zeek and Right.
Again.
That's it for this podcast episode of the In Wheel Time car show.
I'm Don Armstrong, inviting you to join us for our live show every Saturday morning 8 to 11 am Central on Facebook, youtube, twitch and our InWhealtimecom website.
Podcasts are available on Apple Podcasts, spotify, stitcher, iheart Podcast Podcast Addict Tune In Pandora and Amazon Music.
Keep listening and we'll see you soon.
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