Car Pro Radio Show August 30 25 Hour 3

Tired of paying for channels you don't watch?

Well, a new select package by Sling gives you a curated lineup of live and on-demand TV you

actually want.

With channels like Fox News, NFL Network, FX, and more, starting at $19.99 a month, there's

even some 4K content.

And in select markets, subscribers get local broadcast networks too.

No long-term contract, no hassle, just the live TV you love.

Sling lets you do that.

Visit Sling.com to learn more.

Restrictions apply.

This winter, know what your vehicle needs before it needs it.

Visit your GMC-certified service center and ask for a multi-point vehicle inspection and

take advantage of stackable rebates.

See dealer for complete details.

Multi-point vehicle inspections vary by participating dealer.

Welcome to the CarPro show with Jerry Reynolds, the CarPro, and his co-host, Todd Chambliss.

Jerry ran his own multiple dealerships for decades, so he can tell you exactly

how car dealerships work.

Todd knows how microphones work if you need that.

So get ready to lay some rubber while you listen to the CarPro show.

Happy Labor Day weekend to you.

We hope that you get some rest this weekend and that you get to enjoy some friends or

family or whatever is on your agenda.

But if buying a car is on your agenda, boy, I gotta tell you, your timing is great

because of the incentives that are out there, because of the old pricing versus the next round

of price increases we're gonna see coming right up with the 2026 models because of the tariffs.

So lots going on in the industry.

If you can't pull the trigger right now, you need to do so.

That's my advice.

If you're thinking about waiting until the end of the year, gotta, I just don't think

this is the year to do that.

I think now is the time.

And I hope I'm wrong.

I hope I'm able to come back to you in November and December and say, wow, the incentives are fantastic.

The lease deals are through the roof.

It's Lexus December to remember deals are the best we've seen in a long time.

I hope I can say that.

I don't think I'll be able to.

We'll see.

Now, if you're self-employed or a business owner and you're not familiar with tax code 179,

you need to subscribe to the free weekly newsletter ASAP.

It doesn't matter how big your company is, it could be Todd's massage partner.

I would never have that ever, ever, ever.

It is an ugly visual.

It's two.

I can't even go into detail about how much bad stuff's going on there.

But if you own a company or you're self-employed, you can write the entire cost of a vehicle

off on this year's taxes.

It's a huge deal.

Also, this year, you can write interest off on your car loan.

And that's anybody, anybody can write the interest off on the car loan.

We haven't been able to do that since I first got the car business, which was a long time ago.

I've got that information in an article in our free weekly newsletter that came out Thursday this week.

It's usually Friday.

You can go to carpro.com at the bottom of the page and subscribe.

And you'll get this week's in your inbox immediately.

Read up on that.

There are some substantial savings for certain people.

And in the case of interest, now, obviously, if you get zero percent interest,

that ain't going to help you.

But if you're not getting zero percent and you take the rebates instead,

you can write that interest off.

That's a big deal.

Todd Chambliss, my co-host and not the owner of Todd's massage parlor.

I want to make sure I'm not touching someone's back.

That's just not going to happen.

Well, as long as it's not mine, it can promise you that ain't going to happen.

OK.

Now, we have that straight.

Glad we covered that.

We did.

Yeah, this is like you said, this is the weekend.

And you were mentioning before, I mean, if you're looking to say, oh,

I'm certainly going to get like some incentives and deals on the 2026 is.

So it's week to week.

You just truly don't know.

I know there is a challenge now to the terrorists by an appellate court.

And that could go to Supreme Court.

So there's that going on.

But I mean, it's it's a bird in the hand.

Literally, you have the opportunity to get the car you've been hoping for.

The weekend where you can get the most bucks back as of as of right now for this

year anyway, I think you said, right, incentives.

Yeah, yeah, they run through Tuesday.

Yeah.

And these are the best we've seen this entire year.

Yeah.

And we saw a lot of movement this week with incentives going up

because business kind of fell off middle month.

Yeah.

And I didn't I didn't expect that to happen.

Carbis has been good all year.

Look like we were going to get close to that 17 million unit

count for the calendar year 2025, which is

right up there with the best years in history.

Look like we were tracking on that.

And then things kind of slowed down.

So, you know, I don't know what's going to happen.

Any insight on what you think may have happened or folks sort of like,

OK, well, I can't do it now because of tariffs or I think that's

probably part of it.

I think we saw people probably pulling themselves

ahead in their purchases because of the tariffs.

They knew they were coming and so they went ahead and bought earlier.

I think we've seen a rush of electric vehicle buyers

because the seventy five hundred dollars is going away.

Yeah.

At the end of next month, September.

So I think I think there was I think there was some pre-buying going on.

And that that happens, but whatever the case,

if you put it off and you're looking at this long weekend

and most dealers are open Monday Labor Day and you're saying, wow,

he says I could save a lot of money if I do something on a twenty twenty five.

Yeah, that's the case. Yeah, exactly.

There's no there's no doubt about it.

Let's go to Monterey Park, California and talk to Yolanda.

Hi, Yolanda.

Hi there. Thank you for taking my call.

Oh, it's a pleasure. What can I help you with?

Well, I'm considering going from a luxury sedan to an SUV.

I'm looking for a safer car, a car that has a better visibility for me.

And I'm having a little bit of back problems and I'm older now.

So I was and I have a pet.

So I'm considering switching over from an ES 300 Lexus.

It has too many bells and whistles.

I purchased it during the COVID era when it was hard to get a car.

And I'm now looking at the Forester.

So I want your thoughts on that.

And I really like the visibility of the windows.

I did try the cross track.

It seemed a little bit too sporty for me.

Yeah. And that's why I'm at.

I'm also now strongly considering the hybrid because it has a little bit

more power, I understand.

I have not test drove the hybrid, but I will.

What are your thoughts?

I I'm concerned that coming out of a Lexus

and there's no bigger Subaru fan than me.

But coming out of a Lexus, I'm afraid that

it may not make you happy.

OK, and you're going to get a different.

I'm on the road a lot now.

I'm on the road.

I now have my little dog and I did try the NX Lexus that my daughter drives.

Yeah. And I like the Forester better.

I felt safer. I like the visibility.

I like the height.

I had never considered an SUV.

But it's a good way to go.

It's look, you're right about safety.

I say it all the time.

The Subaru eyesight system is the best in the industry.

It's fantastic. OK.

The visibility is right.

Getting in and out of it's going to be easy.

The things I want you to look for is OK.

It is the seat comfort and the adjustments that you can make.

Is that going to serve you well?

I want you to pay attention to the interior quietness

and and take a good take at least an hour test drive.

The only reason the car pro show exists

is to keep you from getting ripped off.

Call Jerry Reynolds, the car pro at 1-800-926-7777.

Every single week, the newsletter has got the latest information

about what's going on with the tariffs.

Jerry stays so like focused on it

that the 11th hour he's including stuff in there

just to make sure that it's current in the newsletter.

There's information about Audi and Buick and price hikes

that's in the latest tariff talk that was in the newsletter

that got released on Thursday.

Make sure you're a newsletter receiver.

Make sure you get that newsletter every single week.

You can start by going to carpro.com.

Go to the bottom, sign up today.

It'll be sent to you immediately.

There you go.

And we're going to go back to Yolanda for just a second.

Yolanda, what I was saying and I'm sorry,

I let the clock get away from me is no problem.

It's taking a longer test drive than normal.

You're you're making a pretty drastic change

and your no car is going to hurt your back

in in a 15 minute test drive.

So OK, spend an hour behind the wheel.

And really, what I would love to see you do

is rent rent a forester for a weekend.

The weekend rates are cheap

and let you really spend some time with it.

If if at the end of that time you love it,

then I applaud you and it would you will absolutely

if it doesn't hurt your back and you can live

with the interior noise aspect of it.

You're going to have a great vehicle

and you're going to be as safe as you can possibly be.

I just don't I don't want you to be in the position

that so many listeners that I I talked to through the years

that got a car didn't didn't spend much time in it.

They fell in love with something else.

The looks, you know, the price, whatever.

And then found out that it hurts your back

and they wanted out of it triggered my my my call this morning.

I heard you and it came close to my heart

when you said once you drive that car, you're stuck.

And so I started reflecting and I thought other than the obvious,

I think for the forester is a very safe car.

But I really like that idea of driving it for a weekend

and getting a feel for it.

I'm excited about that.

My final question will be at this point,

doesn't matter whether it's twenty five or twenty six.

I'm not in a I'm not rushing to do this.

But as far as price goes,

do you think the prices will go up a lot in twenty six?

Yeah, I do. A new model comes out. I do. Oh, I think they're all going to go up.

And it's it's tariffs and, you know, so many of the,

especially the Subaru is because so many of them are made in Japan.

And that's one of the that's one of the 15 percent targets is Japan.

So if you could find a twenty twenty five,

then I certainly would, even if you missed the deadline for the incentives

Tuesday, there'll still be something.

There'll still be something out there.

And it's still going to be a lot cheaper than twenty twenty six.

OK, all right. That's great advice.

And I'm going to go rent one and try one.

Do that. I've got a I've got a great deal.

I got a great dealer in Santa Ana if you don't have any luck closer.

I appreciate the call, kiddo.

Let's go to Mia in Los Angeles.

Mia, welcome. Hi.

I'm calling because I'm under five feet tall,

but I've decided I've been driving sedans all my life.

And I want to get a compact hybrid SUV.

Yeah, I love the cross track.

And then when I went in, they said, oh, we don't make them any more.

We're probably not going to come back with it until twenty twenty six.

I've been looking for a car for now a long time.

Yeah. So then I switch to the Toyota Corolla cross.

And what I found was I had to get the XSE to get the power tailgate

because I can't reach it.

Yeah. My height to pull it down manually.

Got it. They only make the XSE in a black interior.

And I just simply I know I don't want that.

And so I'm asking what other makes.

Compact hybrid SUV might you recommend?

Oh, boy, you might look at the Hyundai Tucson.

They're building a good hybrid right now.

So I would I would definitely put that on the list.

The Kia Sportage, which is very similar

to the Hyundai and take a look at it and see what you think.

I.

But I got to tell you, there's just nothing better than a Toyota hybrid.

Their hybrid system is the best out there.

Somebody told me I could buy an SE

and then afterwards I could get the tailgate motorized.

And I thought, no, no, no, no, no, that that will never work out.

Trust me. I'd rather I would rather see you.

Get the seats recovered in leather

in the color you want than to do something like that.

And that's a possibility for about fifteen hundred bucks.

So give that some thought.

But you're on the right track with the toy looking at a couple of different cars.

Don't just flip a coin.

Call a car pro show for help in deciding 1-800-926-7777.

And Marcia in Austin, Texas.

Welcome, Marcia, I could help you.

Hi, Gary. Good to talk to you.

First time caller, long time listener.

Good to have you.

Um, I have I have a let me tell you what I got.

I got a twenty two thousand and one seventy

twenty five hundred eighty eight point one liter engine passes everything

with a gas station. Yeah, I only need it to haul haul horses.

And it's only got ninety five thousand miles on it.

Because nobody would put that.

Got it. And I've got it.

Yeah, I've got it. Two thousand and six.

Oh, yeah, it was a coma.

I love my coma, but trust me, I'll never want to be a car other than a truck.

My look of the car is this truck.

The two thousand six with fifty seven thousand miles is that two hundred

sixty four thousand miles on it now. Wow.

Now we're putting the money into it.

Well, I never put the money into it until it hit two hundred.

So I'm I'm going out of there.

I've had a Chevy's.

I've put more money into Chevy's than any other vehicle.

And so I'm thinking now that I'm a federal employee that's retired

from the government, I'm thinking about getting a new used to coma.

Yeah, I'm wondering what your what your thoughts are.

I don't really like twenty four, twenty five.

I don't like to throw them in bottom. Right.

I test drove.

I've test drove a twenty twenty three fallible seats fallible.

They're hard to rock.

I mean, the seats on my two thousand six are wonderful.

Right. So I'm wondering what you think

about what what what I should look at for a new used to be a OK.

Well, I'm not going to I will only buy for the car.

All right. I and I do.

I've got round rock Toyota there.

You talk to Taylor, you know,

I think you're going to have to back up to about a twenty twenty or so.

They've made some changes to the Tacoma since then.

And a lot of people don't like them as well as they like their old one,

because the ride is a little bit harsher than than what they had before.

And I think that's just a change in the suspension.

But drive, see what Taylor's got, drive one of those.

And if you don't like it, call me back next week.

And let's talk again before you buy or lease your next car.

Call the car pro to make sure it's the right one for how you drive.

One eight hundred nine to six seventy seven seventy seven.

Tax Act can think of a million things more fun than filing taxes.

Tax Act is going to name some now sitting in traffic,

folding a fitted bed sheet,

listening to your coworker talk about his fantasy team,

digging a hole, digging an even larger hole next to that original hole.

Unfortunately, Tax Act's filing software can't make taxes fun.

But Tax Act can help you get them done.

Tax Act, let's get them over with this winter.

No one's your vehicle needs before it needs it.

Visit your Cadillac certified service center and ask for a

multi-point vehicle inspection and take advantage of stackable rebates.

See dealer for complete details.

Multi-point vehicle inspections vary by participating dealer.

Welcome back to the car pro show with Jerry Reynolds, the car pro and me, Todd

Chambliss in this week's newsletter.

This is kind of good news that this all plays out the way they say it may.

Talking about the EPA rules as far as environmental rules may be relaxed

that could give the manufacturers of cars a little bit of a break

that could I guess that could trickle down and maybe hold some of the prices down

when you're trying to buy a car.

I don't know exactly where we are with all of this.

I think they're still trying to get all that figured out.

But if that were to happen, that could be a way to kind of offset

what's going on with the tariffs right now.

Yeah, good, because the biggest crisis for the automakers prior to the tariffs.

But after the microchip shortage was trying to meet federal fuel economy

standards and yet offer up vehicles that people really want to buy.

Yes, that's been that's a balancing act that they've had trouble getting to.

Now, if America had taken to electric cars,

that would have solved everything.

It probably would have. But they didn't. Yeah.

So they were, by and large, rejected them,

even though the manufacturers had spent billions of dollars

and still are to this day developing. Yes.

So now the EPA under this current administration says, look,

we're backing off on fuel economy standards.

We're not going to change the standards,

but we're not going to find you

if you don't meet them.

And that was the crux of the problem.

And that was going to be billions of dollars.

Oh, OK. Yeah.

So in the last administration,

some of the car companies were fined millions and millions of millions

because they didn't meet the standards.

So do you make better fuel economy?

If let's take Stalantis,

you're right. The old Dodge Cross or Jeep Ram.

Do you make cars that get great fuel economy

but nobody wants to buy? Right.

Or do you sink your money into

ram trucks that people do want to buy?

But we're not now going to meet our standards

for fuel economy set by the government.

And we're going to face millions in fines.

So the fines are pricing these many of these guys out of business

and a lot of lines because that reason right there.

Exactly. Yeah, that's crazy.

So at least for now, that crisis has been solved.

Now. 2028 rolls along.

We know we're going to have a different president.

This could all reverse itself.

Oh, within days, if not even sooner, if not day one.

Yeah, yeah. Yeah.

So how if if if you're an automaker,

if you're the CEO at Ford

and you're Jim Farley, what do you do? Yeah.

I don't know.

I don't want their job.

No, that'd be tough to do because I don't care if it leaves.

I mean, 25 million a year. I don't want their job.

No, no.

You can't it's a no win.

It's a no win. Yeah.

I mean, we have got somehow we've got to get standards of cars

that last for years and years and years out.

So these car companies can develop and produce cars that people want to buy.

That's the only way they'll still be around.

And one out of six people in America

are directly or indirectly tied to the auto industry.

Now, that I didn't know.

Surprise. Wow.

One out of six. Yes.

Man, directly or indirectly.

And that's my manufacturer.

That's retail. That is.

Yeah.

Service suppliers. Yeah.

Yeah. Tire makers.

The thousands of parts that go into a car. Yeah.

The people at dealerships.

Everything. A vital part of the economy.

It's essential. Yeah.

It's got to be. Yeah.

All right. So enough of that. OK, there.

Let's talk to Robert in Pasadena, California.

He's up next on the car pro show. Hello, Robert.

Hello, Jerry. I have a question.

I'm looking at getting the new Toyota Camry at 25.

Yeah. The base model.

Yep, I go on the Toyota site.

I want to lease one because I'm older.

We don't drive that much and just the way to go.

Yeah, I'm looking on on the site.

So it's two forty nine, thirty six months, two ninety nine signing.

OK, I've got looked up five dealerships

there way higher than what it says on the Toyota site.

So can you tell me the reason why?

For the same vehicle and everything?

Yeah, I can because the factory

websites, first off, Toyota's websites horrible.

They do a terrible job with their website.

They do a terrible job with anything computer related,

whether it's the dealers knowing what inventory

they got coming in all the way to their website.

But they when you say when it says two ninety nine down.

If you read the fine print, it takes you into plus tax,

title and license, plus acquisition fee, plus first payment.

Now, that two ninety nine just went

to three thousand, maybe thirty five hundred, depending on the car.

When a dealer advertises, they're advertising a true

down payment. If they say two ninety nine down, that's two ninety nine total.

And when you start talking short term leases like three years,

a thousand dollars makes a huge difference in that payment,

much less three thousand dollars or thirty five hundred dollars,

which is what you get from the factory ads.

So let me make it simple for you.

Let me make it real simple for you.

Sandra Bruning.

She is at Toyota Pasadena.

Right there in your hometown.

She is wonderful.

She is awesome to my listeners.

We get nice emails back on her every single week.

She's she's simply amazing.

Tell her what you want.

She'll cut straight to the chase with you,

give you the real payment, give you the total out of pocket.

If you want to put more down, you can.

If you want to put less down, you can.

She'll adjust the payment accordingly.

And you can get you can get real numbers from a real person.

Unlock what you're getting on that website.

I just want the straight skinny go by to get the go drive it, take it home.

Sandra is your gal.

You'll thank me for this.

You will thank me for this. Trust me.

Thanks, Jerry. Appreciate it.

All right, buddy, you take care.

She's at my website.

All you got to do is go to car pro dot com right near the top.

There's a green button and it says find a certified car pro dealer near you.

Put your zip code in there.

She'll pull right up and you can email her from there.

Her direct line is there.

I'm going to tell you she is absolutely fantastic.

You'll be so happy that you call me today.

I love it. I appreciate the call.

You take care of yourself car pro dot com.

That's where all this stuff happens is we can find my FAQ page.

And I got 100 answers there.

You find our podcast that'll be up in about 45 minutes of all three

hours of the show today. Everything's at car pro dot com.

Don't get a new car unless you check it out with Jerry Reynolds,

the car pro at 1-800-926-7777.

Well, last week, you pulled up in a 2025 Audi SQ8 prestige

and it was impressive and the height of luxury.

Of course, it's got a luxurious price tag, too.

But what an impressive car.

This week, you're driving it's a Bronco Strobe.

Strobe edition. Strobe edition.

Baja type of package on it.

And you said there's a lot of impressive things

about not exactly the kind of car you'd probably look for

because you're not off road and all that.

So the question is next week, what do you think you'll be driving?

Well, I'm on a Ford run right now.

And that's the way it happens when you four doesn't give cars

to very many reviewers.

And when you do get them, you get like five of them in a row.

Yeah. And that's the way they do it.

And it's OK.

I've got a 2025 Expedition Max.

Expedition Max.

That's the extended length. OK.

That comes with the stealth performance package.

What pretel would that be?

Well, that would be a larger engine.

It's got a 3.5 EcoBoost high output engine.

It comes with the Blue Crew's 22 inch wheels.

OK.

And it comes in a color called Wild Green,

which looks like army green to me.

Oh, well.

I've only seen pictures of it.

Obviously, I won't get it this week until Tuesday

because of the holiday.

And then I'll pick up the Bronco and leave this off.

So we'll see what I think of it.

I had a Kelly Green Expedition a long time ago before.

Yeah, this isn't Kelly Green.

Yeah. So it's Wild Green.

Eighty five thousand nine hundred and seventy dollars on the

Winchester. Yeah, well.

The price is a little expedition, but the new 2025 is pretty wonderful.

Those are nice. Yeah.

Let's talk to Ted and Santa Barbara.

Ted, what is going on, my friend?

How can I help you?

Hi, Jerry, can you hear me?

Yes, sir. OK, I got a 2015 Grand Cherokee Overland

with a three point six liter V six pin star motor.

There is the problem.

Heard a tap it noise.

Tap, tap, tap, tap, tap, look it up on YouTube.

There's hundreds of videos talking about the pin star motor.

That's a common occurrence, apparently.

Doesn't say much for the cheap brand.

I can tell you that and it looks like that what you've got to do

is take all that crap off the top of the motor.

Then you got to take the head off and you got to get down in there

and find the tap it roller that's bad.

And then once they find that to say, well, we're down here.

We might as well replace them all.

Then they go, well, while we're doing these,

we might as well do the other side and it's not worth it on 2015.

So what are you going to do?

Well, the 2015's only got 60,000 miles.

And so how do I get rid of it with that problem?

That's the main problem I got.

Now I am going to buy another car.

If I have to buy a new, if I have to buy a Lexus, I will.

If I have to buy a random Rover, I will.

I mean, I'll pick a car and just pay for it.

But how do I get rid of this jeep with that problem in it?

It's probably an eight or $9,000 problem.

Yeah, it probably is.

And that's probably about what it's worth

if it were up and running perfectly.

So $2,000 maybe.

It's an impeccable condition, 60,000 miles.

I think if you try to sell it yourself, there's always.

Do it yourself.

Guys out there looking for cars like this

that they can fix themselves.

They've got to know how.

And I think I would.

I think I try to sell it just the way it is and price it up.

Price it up.

You know what I want you to do?

I want you to put that thing at my website under.

Sell a car at the top of the page, OK?

And I want you to put pictures of it in there,

put the odometer in there.

Don't say a word about the motor.

And I want them to tell you what they'd give for that car.

If it were running great.

So don't don't jade their thinking like if there's an issue with the engine.

And then from that, I tell you what,

can you hang on with me during this commercial?

And I'll be back in just a minute.

It's easy to get taken advantage of when you buy a car.

But the car pro can help you avoid that.

Call them at 1-800-926-7777.

All right, we're going to go back to Ted in Santa Barbara.

Ted, we want to play this thing smart.

So the two numbers that we need are we need to know what it's worth.

If it runs and drives good with only 60,000 miles.

Then I need you to get on the phone and call around to some independent

garages, not dealerships, but independent garages.

And if you Google them, you'll find some good ones.

There's a bunch of them in the Southern California area.

And let's see what a fix for that engine would be.

So let's play hypothetical real quick.

If it's worth 12 grand running and you can fix it for six,

get it fixed and then sell it.

If it's worth nine grand and it's going to cost eight grand to fix,

it's probably not worth it.

But without, I mean, trying to guess at those two numbers is just going to be impossible.

And there's no reason to.

We can find out what it's worth and we can find out what it's going to cost to fix it.

Yeah, it's a quiet tap, tap, tap.

But another quick piece about the car from a dealer in San Luis Obispo,

it was the owner of the dealer's wife's car, bought it for 6,000.

I had 6,000 miles on it in 2017 and I paid 36,000 for it.

Okay.

So now this tap at noise, the car drives perfectly.

It's just fine.

But I don't know what's going to happen if I keep driving.

Is it just going to just quit on the side of the road?

Or is it just kind of that cylinder is going to get real bad and then you're,

then you're really dead.

You can't even demonstrate.

And I don't know the answer to that.

My crystal ball broke.

But I think it's a safe bet that you need to do.

You need to figure this out and you need to do something different.

I think it will continue to deteriorate.

And when it goes, then you've got a boat anchor, essentially.

A real test drive should take more than half an hour.

But before you take it, call the car pro to find out what that involves.

1-800-926-7777.

Tax Act can think of a million things more fun than filing taxes.

Tax Act is going to name some now.

Sitting in traffic.

Folding a fitted bed sheet.

Listening to your coworker talk about his fantasy team.

Digging a hole.

Digging an even larger hole next to that original hole.

Unfortunately, Tax Act's filing software can't make taxes fun.

But Tax Act can help you get them done.

Tax Act.

Let's get them over with.

Know what your vehicle needs before it needs it.

Visit your Cadillac Certified Service Center

and ask for a multi-point vehicle inspection.

Plus, with the winter-ready service event,

get up to $210 in stackable rebates,

on batteries, brake pads and rotors,

cabin and engine air filters, and wiper blades.

At participating USGM dealers only,

max rebates derived from collectible rebates on all eligible parts.

Visit Cadillac.com slash service offers

or see dealer for full details.

Offer ends $228.26.

Multi-point vehicle inspections vary by participating dealer.

Lexus Nx Lexus

Toyota Corolla Cross

Kia Sportage

Toyota Camry

Audi Sq8

Ford Bronco

Ford Expedition

Jeep Grand Cherokee

About this episode

Original notes