Flat Rate Doesn't Match the Real Repair with Josh Forbes

A main harness is the bundle of wiring that connects major electrical components throughout the car. If it’s chewed or damaged, you can get widespread electrical faults, which can make the car hard or expensive to repair.

Shocks (shock absorbers) control how quickly the suspension moves after hitting bumps or during weight transfer. When shocks are “shot,” the car can feel bouncy, unstable, and especially unsettled during events like shifting or acceleration.

The Ford Ranger is a compact pickup, and the 2003 model is part of the Ranger’s earlier generation that many owners use as a basic, work-focused truck. The speaker later compares winter traction and weight distribution issues with their Ranger.

The Toyota Tundra is a full-size pickup, and the 2007 model is from the first-generation era. It’s mentioned as part of the family’s truck lineup before the speaker’s own Tacoma.

The Toyota Sequoia is a full-size SUV, and the 2008 model is from the first-generation era. It’s referenced here mainly to explain how the family’s vehicle choices shifted toward Toyota.

The Ford Explorer is a midsize SUV that’s been offered in many generations since the early 1990s. Here it’s mentioned as part of the family’s earlier vehicle mix before they discuss the later truck choices.

The Pontiac Montana is a minivan model line known for family hauling and practicality. In this segment it’s mentioned as part of the speaker’s parents’ vehicle history, helping set the context for their “Ford family” question.

The Toyota Tacoma is a midsize pickup known for being durable and relatively simple to live with. In this segment, it’s the speaker’s first “adult” truck, and they describe real-world fuel and commuting costs that shaped their ownership experience.

A two-wheel drive truck sends power to only one axle (typically the front or rear), which can reduce traction compared with four-wheel drive in snow and ice. The speaker connects this to winter driving problems when they’re carrying little weight in the back.

Traction in winter refers to how well tires can grip snow and ice, which depends heavily on tire condition, tire type, and where the vehicle’s weight sits. The speaker describes adding weight in the bed (patio stones and cinder blocks) to improve grip.

Four-wheel drive (4WD) powers both the front and rear axles, improving traction on slippery surfaces like snow. The speaker argues that their brother should have chosen 4WD because his Ranger was too light and struggled in winter.

4x4 means a four-wheel-drive system, where power is sent to all four wheels. The speaker is contrasting the small added cost to switch into 4x4 with the benefit of better traction and control when you need it.

The speaker is talking about a Ford Tempo, a compact sedan from Ford’s lineup. They describe it as a car that broke down frequently, which pushed them to learn basic diagnostics and repairs themselves.

An overheating problem means the engine’s cooling system isn’t keeping temperatures in the safe range. When coolant can’t circulate or the thermostat/radiator cap isn’t sealing correctly, the temperature gauge can climb into the red and the engine may start to lug.

The temp gauge is the dashboard indicator for engine coolant temperature. If it climbs into the red, it’s a warning that the cooling system isn’t controlling heat properly.

A thermostat is a valve in the engine’s cooling system that regulates when coolant flows to the radiator. If it sticks closed or fails, the engine can overheat; replacing it can restore proper temperature control.

A radiator cap (rad cap) maintains pressure in the cooling system. That pressure raises the coolant’s boiling point and helps prevent overheating; a weak cap can cause coolant to boil or vent too early.

A wheel bearing supports the wheel and lets it spin smoothly with minimal friction. If it seizes, the wheel can overheat dramatically—enough to generate smoke—and the rotor/brake components can get red hot.

A rotor is the brake disc that the brake pads clamp onto to slow the car. When the wheel bearing seized and the wheel dragged, the rotor can overheat and turn red hot.

A pinch weld is the reinforced seam along the car’s body where a jack or jack stand is meant to lift. If rust has weakened it, the pinch weld can fail under load, creating a serious safety and repair issue.

A jack stand is a safety support used to hold a car up on jack points while you work underneath. The speaker mentions the stand going through the pinch weld, which highlights how rust or weak metal can make lifting dangerous.

This is a reference to how rust can compromise structural body seams and lift points. In practice, rusted metal around pinch welds and rocker panels can make DIY repairs riskier and more involved.

Spray foam is being used here as a makeshift body repair or cavity filler to stabilize a damaged area. The host calls it “hackie,” implying it’s a temporary/DIY fix rather than a proper structural repair.

London, Ontario is a city in southwestern Ontario, Canada. The speaker uses it as a reference point for a road trip route while moving back for their family’s houseboat business.

“Motive power” is a program label meaning training focused on operating and maintaining mechanical power systems—often engines and related equipment—rather than general academics. In this context, it’s described as an apprenticeship-style two-year course.

Fanshawe College is a post-secondary school in Ontario, Canada. The speaker says they attended for “motive power,” which is tied to hands-on apprenticeship-style training.

A CV axle (constant-velocity axle) is the drive shaft that transfers power from the transmission to the wheels while allowing the suspension to move up and down. It uses CV joints to keep torque delivery smooth even when the wheels are angled or the suspension travels.

The transmission is the drivetrain component that changes engine speed/torque to match driving conditions and sends power to the drive wheels. When the speaker says the C-clip was popping out of the transmission, they mean the axle wasn’t staying properly connected to the gearbox.

A C-clip is a small retaining clip that helps hold components in place on a shaft or axle. In this context, it’s described as wearing out and allowing the CV axle to pop out of the transmission.

A hoist is a lift used in a shop to raise a vehicle so technicians can inspect and work underneath. The speaker mentions getting the car up on the hoist to diagnose the issue.

A lube rack is the service-bay area where entry-level technicians perform quick maintenance jobs like oil changes and basic inspections. It’s often where new hires start because the work is faster, more standardized, and requires less diagnostic complexity than full repairs.

A Ford dealership is where Ford vehicles are sold and serviced by a franchised retailer. In the context of the episode, it matters because dealership service jobs often follow standardized procedures and labor-time expectations (which the show later contrasts with real repair work).

“Master” in the podcast context appears to refer to master technicians at a dealership—highly experienced mechanics responsible for complex diagnostics and repairs. The mention of “getting help” from other master techs highlights how specialized knowledge and escalation are used when jobs are difficult. It’s discussed because shop workflow and expertise can directly affect repair outcomes and turnaround time.

A quick lane is a dedicated service lane at many dealerships designed for faster, lower-complexity work such as inspections, oil changes, and routine maintenance. The idea is to keep cars moving with minimal waiting, then route more involved repairs to the main shop.

Brake fluid is the hydraulic fluid that transfers force from the brake pedal to the brake calipers. If the brake light is on due to low fluid, it can indicate a leak or worn components that need attention before driving safely.

Tie rod ends are steering linkage components that connect the steering system to the front wheels. When they wear or loosen, they can cause wandering, looseness in steering, and can lead to additional suspension/steering problems if not addressed.

A warranty approval process is the required paperwork and documentation a shop must submit to the manufacturer/brand to get warranty labor and parts authorized. It often includes evidence like photos and specific parts/fasteners used during the repair.

One-use-only bolts are fasteners specified by the manufacturer to be replaced after removal, because their clamping properties or design are not intended to be reused. In brake jobs, using the correct one-time fasteners can be important for proper torque and safety.

“Throwaway bolts” is a shop slang term for fasteners that the manufacturer specifies should not be reused after removal. They’re often replaced because their design depends on a specific clamping condition achieved during the first installation.

Caliper bracket bolts secure the brake caliper assembly to the vehicle’s mounting points. If the manufacturer specifies these as one-time-use fasteners, replacing them helps ensure the correct clamping force and fit for the brake hardware.

The Ford Transit Custom is a light commercial van used for everyday business work like transporting people or cargo. It’s a common subject in mechanic discussions because vans rack up high mileage and can develop wear items that need regular attention. The podcast context about brakes suggests the conversation is focused on maintenance and how often these systems may need service.

A transaxle is a combined transmission-and-differential unit commonly used in front-wheel-drive (and some other) layouts. Because it packages multiple drivetrain functions together, some suspension jobs can require extra disassembly to access mounting points.

Flat rate is a pay system where a technician is paid a fixed number of hours for a repair job, regardless of the actual time it takes. This segment argues that flat-rate times can be unrealistic when real-world conditions (like rust or access) force extra work.

A control arm (also called an A-arm) is a suspension link that connects the wheel hub to the vehicle’s chassis. It helps control wheel motion and alignment, so worn control arms can cause clunks, poor handling, and uneven tire wear.

Engine mounts are the brackets and rubber (or hydraulic) isolators that hold the engine to the chassis. They reduce vibration and also determine how much clearance you have when removing or replacing nearby suspension components.

A repair manual is the manufacturer’s documented procedure for how to diagnose and service a vehicle. The discussion highlights a mismatch between the manual’s prescribed steps (like pulling the engine) and what technicians find is actually faster or more practical while still completing the repair correctly.

In repair work, “trial and error” means figuring out the practical steps by attempting the job, learning what works, and adjusting. It’s often what happens when the factory procedure doesn’t match real-world access constraints or the technician’s preferred workflow.

In this context, “aligned” refers to wheel alignment after suspension work. When you replace control arms, the suspension geometry can shift, so alignment is typically needed to restore correct angles for steering and tire wear.

The Toyota RAV4 is a compact SUV known for practical everyday use and relatively high demand in the used market. The podcast context about charging for work and needing “both lower control…” suggests a repair involving the front suspension—often parts like lower control arms or related components. That’s the kind of job that can affect ride quality and alignment, which is why it comes up in shop discussions.

“Torching them out” means using a cutting torch to remove seized or rusted suspension parts. It’s a common last-resort approach when bolts or bushings won’t come out with normal disassembly.

“Book time” is the standardized labor time listed in repair manuals (often used by shops and insurers) for a specific job. If a shop charges based on book time, they’re billing for the expected hours rather than the actual time spent.

In this context, “alignment” refers to wheel alignment—adjusting angles like camber, caster, and toe so the vehicle tracks correctly. Repairs that involve suspension or steering components often require alignment afterward to restore proper handling and tire wear.

ADAS calibration is the setup process for advanced driver-assistance systems (like radar/camera-based features) after certain repairs. If it’s skipped or rushed, the safety systems can be inaccurate or fail to work correctly.

A “three-year warranty” is a longer coverage period offered by the repair shop or parts provider than the manufacturer’s standard warranty. The point here is that the shop’s extra coverage can require additional operating expense, which affects whether flat-rate billing is truly profitable.

A “phaser” is part of a variable valve timing system that adjusts camshaft timing to improve power, efficiency, and emissions. When a phaser fails or sticks, it can cause rough running, misfires, or drivability issues, and it often requires careful diagnosis and proper parts.

The Ford Edge is a mid-size crossover SUV that’s popular as a family and commuter vehicle. In the podcast context, it’s mentioned as a vehicle that hasn’t run in a long time, which typically points to issues like battery failure, fuel system problems, or other “sit too long” deterioration. That makes it relevant to discussions about diagnosing and getting a dormant vehicle back on the road.

“Red seal” refers to a recognized trade certification in Canada that indicates you’ve met national standards for a skilled trade. It’s commonly associated with completing required training and passing exams, and it can make it easier to work across provinces.

An “apprenticeship program” is structured on-the-job training combined with classroom instruction, typically with progressive levels and required hours. In trades like automotive service, it’s the pathway to earning a professional license and higher certification.

An “EVAP leak” refers to a problem in the EVAP (evaporative emissions) system, which captures fuel vapors from the tank and routes them for controlled burning. A leak can trigger drivability issues and emissions-related trouble codes, and it often requires careful diagnosis rather than guessing.

An “AC problem” refers to a malfunction in a vehicle’s air conditioning system, which can involve refrigerant leaks, compressor issues, or control/ventilation faults. Because AC systems are sealed and pressure-based, diagnosis often needs specific tools and procedures.

The Toyota Supra is a performance sports coupe known for its strong acceleration and driver-focused design. In a podcast context, it may come up when discussing ownership or repair realities—like parts availability and the need for specialized skills to handle certain fixes. The mention of “cheaper” and “harder to find guys” suggests the conversation is about serviceability and who can properly work on it.

RockAuto is an online retailer that sells aftermarket auto parts directly to consumers. The host uses it as an example of someone sourcing parts cheaply and then attempting installation themselves without understanding the vehicle-specific electronic systems involved.

Canadian Tire (Canadian Tire) is a big-box retailer that sells tools and automotive supplies. In the segment, it’s mentioned to contrast basic consumer tools with the specialized equipment and procedures technicians use for modern electronic brake systems.

The Chevrolet Silverado is GM’s full-size pickup, and the 2022 model is an example of how newer trucks increasingly integrate braking and safety electronics. In this segment, the host points out that a 2022 Silverado’s electronic parking brake and ABS systems can be risky to tamper with without following the correct service guidance.

Trail Boss is a trim level on the Chevrolet Silverado focused on off-road styling and equipment. Trim differences can affect parts fitment and the exact brake/parking-brake components used, which matters when buying rotors and pads for a specific vehicle.

An electronic parking brake (EPB) replaces the traditional hand lever/cable with an electronically controlled brake actuator. Because it’s integrated with vehicle control systems, DIY work—especially without the right procedures—can cause faults or damage related modules.

The ABS module controls the anti-lock braking system, which prevents wheel lockup during hard braking. Many modern ABS systems are tightly integrated with other stability and braking functions, so incorrect procedures during brake-related DIY work can risk damaging or faulting the module.

In brake work, the reservoir holds brake fluid for the hydraulic system. During pad replacement, fluid level can rise as pistons retract, so technicians may check or manage the reservoir to prevent overflow and contamination.

The master cylinder is the hydraulic “pump” that turns your brake pedal force into pressurized brake fluid. That pressure is what moves the calipers to clamp the brake pads against the rotors.

The right to repair is the idea that vehicle owners and independent shops should be able to access the information, parts, and tools needed to fix modern cars. It’s often discussed in the context of manufacturers restricting diagnostics and repair procedures.

John Deere is a major manufacturer of tractors and agricultural equipment. The host uses it as an example of how some manufacturers restrict even basic maintenance tasks, like changing an air filter.

“Mobile vans” refers to technicians who do repairs at customers’ locations instead of working inside a traditional shop. The host contrasts their earning potential with flat-rate shop work when hours are limited.

A service writer (often called a service advisor) is the customer-facing staff member at a dealership or repair shop who writes up the work order, communicates with the customer, and coordinates with technicians. They translate diagnostic findings and repair recommendations into plain language and pricing.

Service advisors are the customer-facing representatives who manage the repair process: gathering symptoms, explaining the estimate, and setting expectations. In many shops, they’re also responsible for handling objections and deciding when to offer discounts versus holding the line on the recommended repair.

A one-time use bolt is a fastener designed to be tightened once to achieve the correct clamping load (often via controlled stretching). Reusing it can reduce clamping force or change how it behaves under load, which is why many manufacturers specify replacement.

A torque-to-yield bolt is tightened using a torque spec plus an additional “yield” angle (or equivalent method) so the bolt stretches into its designed clamping condition. Because it’s intentionally stretched, it’s typically treated as a one-time-use fastener.

A brake repair is the proper service work needed to restore safe braking—typically replacing worn brake pads and resurfacing or replacing rotors as a matched set. Doing only part of the job can leave uneven rotor surfaces that cause vibration, noise, and faster wear.

Brake pulsation is the vibration or rhythmic shudder you feel through the pedal or steering when braking. It often comes from uneven rotor surfaces or pad-to-rotor contact, such as when pads are installed without addressing rotor condition.

Brake modules are electronic control units that manage brake-related functions, often including electronic parking brake operation and related safety logic. When access to these modules is restricted, independent shops may be unable to perform certain brake service procedures without manufacturer authorization.

Secure gateways are software/security layers that control which devices or software can communicate with a vehicle’s electronic systems. In the repair context, they can limit who can perform programming or activation steps for functions like electronic parking brake retraction.

“Planned obsoletions” refers to the idea that products are designed or managed so they become outdated or fail sooner than they otherwise would. In this context, the host is arguing that dealers/manufacturers benefit when customers replace vehicles regularly instead of keeping them longer.

A “technician” is the shop worker who performs the mechanical diagnosis and repairs on the vehicle. In this discussion, the technician’s workflow and the need for reminders/procedures are central to preventing small-but-important misses.

The “oil life monitor” is the car’s onboard system that estimates how much useful life the engine oil has left. After an oil change, it must be reset so the car doesn’t continue showing an oil-change reminder based on old data.

An “oil change sticker” is a small service label the shop places on the vehicle to document the last oil change and the next due date/mileage. It helps technicians and advisors track maintenance history and prevents missed routine services.

“A-Tech” is a shop/industry shorthand for a top-level technician (often meaning fully trained and capable of handling complex repairs). The speaker uses it to describe how technicians are developed through training and experience.

The Cupra Born is an electric hatchback built for everyday driving with an emphasis on performance-oriented feel. In the podcast context, it’s mentioned in a discussion about technical skill and training—specifically the idea that becoming proficient (“an A-Tech”) takes time and experience. That makes it relevant to conversations about servicing modern EVs and the learning curve for technicians.

The “AC compressor” is the component that pressurizes refrigerant and enables the air-conditioning system to cool the cabin. Forgetting to plug it in during engine-related work can prevent the AC from functioning even if the rest of the system is intact.

The Chevrolet Cruze is a compact car that uses common service items like valve covers and oil cooler plumbing, so it’s a good example of how an oil leak diagnosis can go wrong. In this story, the shop initially blamed a valve cover, but the real leak was elsewhere in the turbo/oil-cooling feed line area.

A splash shield (underbody shield) is a plastic or composite panel under the engine bay that helps protect components from road spray and debris. If it’s loose or dragging, it can make noise and also indicate the job wasn’t reassembled correctly.

An oil cooler is a heat exchanger that lowers engine oil temperature, often using coolant or air flow to remove heat. On turbo-equipped engines, oil cooling and oil feed lines are especially important, so leaks in that plumbing can be easy to misdiagnose.

“Engine shampoo and dye” is a leak-detection method: the mechanic cleans the engine thoroughly, adds a fluorescent dye to the suspected fluid, and then checks later where the dye reappears. It turns a vague oil smell or oily mess into a confirmed leak location.